social science notes of  hill stations
chapter 6 colonisation and urbanisation

please write it in your notebook  along with fill in the blanks :-

Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. :- Shimla was developed in early 19th Century and used to be the Summer Capital of the British Raj and therefore historic in many ways. British built in 1903 a Railway line to facilitate the transfers. The UNESCO-recognized train route passes through 102 tunnels and crosses over 850 bridges and remains till today an attraction.

 Darjeeling, West Bengal. :- Darjeeling was developed by the British in early 19th century. The development accelerated after building of the Darjeeling train route which is today a UNESCO site and remains a major attraction for heritage traveller. Darjeeling of today is touristy with Himalayan views in Winter, Some bakeries & Cafes and some heritage hotels. The Tea plantations that British developed around Darjeeling remain pristine.

Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, India :- The twin towns of Mussoorie and Landour, together, are a well-known British Raj-era hill station in northern India. Mussoorie-Landour was widely known as the "Queen of the Hills". Mussoorie today is a getaway and a crowded holiday destination. However it has many Summer Palaces and Colonial heritage bungalows converted into heritage hotels which offer guests some flavour of the colonial past.

Ooty, Tamil Nadu :-  Ooty served as the summer capital of the Madras Presidency and other small  kingdoms, much visited by British during the colonial days. Ooty of today is one of the best managed hill stations in India. Heritage hotels such as Taj Savoy, Fernhill Palace and heritage hotels give a glimpse of the colonial past. Plantations of Coonoor around Ooty which British developed remain pristine and therefore remain an attraction. Nilgiri Heritage train British started in 1908 is now a UNESCO heritage site.

Fill in the blanks

1. The greatest incentive to urbanisation during the colonial period was the development of the hill stations.
2.  The British developed hill stations to escape the heat of the plains and also to recover from the disease of the tropics.
3. Shimla was built by the British on land they retained after the Gurkha War of 1814–16.
4.  In Darjeeling, the British introduced the cultivation of cash crops such as tea.
5. The cantonment is a military garrison or a camp.
6. After the Battle of Seringapatam, the British moved their garrison from Seringapatam to Bengaluru.
7. The pleasant climate and appropriate location attracted many people from the neighbouring kingdoms to Bengaluru cantonment.

Chapter 6

COLONISATION AND URBANISATION

QUESTIONS  AND ANSWERS :­-

QUES 1   WHAT IS DEURBANISATION ?

ANS     Deurbanisation is a process reverse of urbanisation , in which due to various reasons people migrate back to villages and  which results in the decline of the urban population.

QUES 2  WRITE A NOTE ON DELHI ON THE MUGHALS?

ANS    In text book page no.57 under the caption of case study : the Delhi of the mughals , whole paragraph, till ,sufi culture.

QUES 3   WHAT WERE THE CHANGES IN THE MUGHULS DEHLI MADE BY  THE BRITISH ?

ANS   ON page no.57 under the caption of  colonial Delhi 2^nd paragraphs 2^nd line – they dismantled ……. Till , its previous wall

please write it in points

QUES 4  WHY WAS DARBAR HELD IN DELHI IN 1911?

ANS   A darbar was held in Delhi in 1911 to commemorate the crowing of king George V in England .

QUES 5  NAME SOME OF THE  SIGNIFICANT LANDMARKS OF NEW DEHLI ?

ANS    Rajpath (Kingsway) , Rastrapathi bhawan  (the viceroys’s palace) and India gate ( the war memorial arch )

QUES 6  WHAT IS A CANTONMENT ?

ANS  The cantonment is a military garrison or a camp .

QUES 7   WHY WAS LORD CORNWALLIS CODE ENACTED ?

ANS   ON page no.59under the caption of administration of the cities: 2^nd    whole paragraph till, judicial administration.

QUES 8 WHEN WAS INDIA’S LAST TEELEGRAM SENT?

ANS   ON page no. 60 in Did you know ? till telegraph service.

MADAME CAMA

Extra questions:

1.What was the occasion in which Madame Cama spoke the words mentioned in the beginning of the lesson?

It was the International Socialist Conference

2.Where was it being held?

In Stuttgart, Germany

3.What was Madame Cama’s full name?

Her full name was Bhikaji Rustom Cama

4.Whom did she marry?

She married Rustom Cama, a rich lawyer.

5.How did the two differ in their ideologies of the British?

Rustom Cama was fond of the British and admired their culture whereas Madame Cama held different views about the British.

6.What were Madame Cama’s views about the British?

That the British kept India in poverty for their own selfish gains.

7.Why was Bhikaji sent to Britain in 1901?

In 1896 plague broke out in Bombay. Bhikaji worked very hard to save the victims.She caught the disease and was saved miraculously. She was sent for further treatment to Britain in 1901.

8.Name the two important nationalists whom Bhikaji interacted with while in Britain?

Shyamji Krishna Verma and Dadabhai Naoroji.

9.Why did the British refuse Bhikaji a return to India?

They were displeased with her revolutionary activities.

10.Under what condition were they ready to send her back to India?

Under the condition that she signed a statement declaring that she would not take part in anti-national activities.

11.Name the organisation that she started in Paris?

Paris Indian Society.

12.With whom did she start this organisation?

Singh Rewabhai Rana and Mynchershah Burjorji Godrej.

13.What are the names of her revolutionary writings?

Bande mataram and Madan’s Talwar.

14.What kind of a person do you think was Madame Cama?

Lover of independence, craved for independent India, strong willed, indomitable spirit, not ready to bow down even to a superior power hence maintained her own individuality, had the courage to go against her husband’s views at a time when women held a secondary position to man in society.

Through which place in India were these writing smuggled into India?

Pondicherry-a French colony.

Apart from fighting for India’s independence, what else did Bhikaji Cama support?

Gender equality.

Who influenced her in this?

Christabel Pankhurst and the Suffragette movement.

Till when did Madame Cama stay in exile in Europe?

Till 1935

What are the ways in which she has been honoured?

A stamp was issued to honour her memory, A patrol vessel of the Indian Coast Guard in 1997, was called ICGS Bhikaji Cama, Many streets in India are named after her.

What prestigious title has been conferred upon her?

Mother of the Indian revolution

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